Learn how your comment data is processed. Ciano had long kept a diary which had much to say about the real relationship between Mussolini and Hitler, how the war was conducted between the two of them, and many insights into the characters of the senior Nazis like Goring. After several Axis defeats in 1942, Ciano became one of many Fascist proponents of a separate peace with the Allies. The decision to enter the alliance was taken by Mussolini, suddenly, while I was in Milan with von Ribbentrop. Galeazzo Ciano was born on March 18, 1903 in Livorno, Italy. Omissions? Your email address will not be published. On 11 January 1944, Benito Mussolini had his son-in-law, the politician Galeazzo Ciano age 40, shot for treason outside the gates of Verona along with four other fascists who had abandoned Mussolini. La “vita sbagliata” di Galeazzo Ciano Davide D'Alessandro 11 dic 2018. However, one thing is certain: if we attack them, the Russia of Stalin will be erased from the map within eight weeks.” Thus, in addition to a notable case of bad faith against Italy, there is also a blatant misconception of reality, sufficient at least to help lose a war …. Galeazzo Ciano, conte di Cortellazzo, (born March 18, 1903, Livorno, Italy—died Jan. 11, 1944, Verona), Italian statesman and diplomat who became one of the key figures in the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini after his marriage to Mussolini’s daughter Edda (1930). After working briefly as a journalist, he entered the diplomatic corps, holding posts in Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires and serving as consul general in Shanghai and as minister to China. Edda Ciano escaped to Switzerland with her husband’s diaries — potentially damaging notes on the machinations of the Axis. Although he had repeatedly advocated the Italo-German alliance, Ciano became wary of Adolf Hitler when Germany invaded Poland (September 1939) without first consulting Italy, in direct violation of an agreement given to Ciano in May by the German foreign minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop. Instead, I favored a policy of collaboration, because given our geographic position we can and must detest the 80 million Germans, brutally set in the heart of Europe, but we cannot ignore them. Italy was a divided country, with the south now fighting alongside the Allies, whilst in the north a re-instated Mussolini (after his rescue from imprisonment at Gran Sasso) was ostensibly head of a new regime, although the only decisions that counted were made by the Germans. I had always been opposed to it, and for a long time I made sure that the persistent German offers were allowed to drift. Young Ciano took part in the Fascist March on Rome in 1922 and then studied law at the University of Rome. When the new government was preparing charges of embezzling against him, the immensely rich Ciano fled Rome. A decision that wrought such a sinister influence upon the entire life and future of the Italian people was due entirely to the spiteful reaction of a dictator to the irresponsible and worthless utterances of foreign journalists. On 27-04-1945, when the convoy of escaping Italian Social Republic members, including Benito Mussolini, was blocked by communist partisans and captured, it is said that his mistress Clara Petacci was offered the opportunity to go unmolested, but she refused to leave Mussolini. He had fallen foul of the rapidly changing circumstances in Italian politics. Mussolini reportedly fretted in the small hours of the night over whether his standing in Hitler’s eyes would suffer should he intervene. Ciano’s treachery, and that of the others seated in chairs and shot from behind on this day, was to have voted with the majority of the Fascist Grand Council for deposing Mussolini as Allied attacks thrust Italy into a desperate position. The suspicious Mussolini dismissed his entire Cabinet (Feb. 5, 1943), and Ciano was appointed ambassador to the Vatican. He had fallen foul of the rapidly changing circumstances in Italian politics. Corrections? See The Ciano Diaries 1939-1943: The Complete, Unabridged Diaries of Count Galeazzo Ciano, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1936-1943, Your email address will not be published. The decision to enter the alliance was taken by Mussolini, suddenly, while I was in Milan with von Ribbentrop. On Mussolini’s orders, he was brought to trial on a charge of treason, found guilty, and executed by a shot in the back. This website makes use of cookies to ensure that the website works properly. He was regarded by many as a likely successor to Mussolini. A glamorous playboy in public life, Galeazzo Ciano was the scion of a wealthy fascist founder. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Galeazzo-Ciano-Conte-di-Cortellazzo, CIA - The World Factbook - Biography of Galeazzo Ciano. Soon after, an audcious German glider raid freed Mussolini, who was quickly re-installed as head of a Nazi puppet state in northern Italy. One final quixotic rescue attempt cooked up by a female SS administrator on Ciano’s guard detail — the last of many women drawn to this charismatic man — foundered; the preordained death sentence came down on January 10th. The youth wed Mussolini’s eldest daughter in 1930 and quickly ascended the party’s ranks, becoming Foreign Minister at the tender age of 33. After his marriage to Edda Mussolini, he rose rapidly through the ranks: chief of the press bureau (1933), undersecretary of state for press and propaganda (1934), and member of the Fascist Grand Council, the inner group that determined party policy. Galeazzo Ciano, conte di Cortellazzo, (born March 18, 1903, Livorno, Italy—died Jan. 11, 1944, Verona), Italian statesman and diplomat who became one of the key figures in the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini after his marriage to Mussolini’s daughter Edda (1930). Galeazzo Ciano era nato a Livorno il 18 marzo 1903. Nonetheless, Ciano and other leading Fascists retained enough power at the historic meeting of the Grand Council (July 24/25, 1943) to force Mussolini’s resignation. NOW 50% OFF! In July 1943, however, he voted against Mussolini at a … Figlio d'arte: suo padre, Costanzo, conte di Cortellazzo, era un eroe della Grande Guerra e fascista della primissima ora, intimo di Mussolini. L’immobile, costruito nel 1929, fu acquistato nel 1933 dai Ciano, nello stesso anno in cui nacque la secondogenita Raimonda, che proprio nel palazzo di via Secchi venne alla luce. He was married to Edda Mussolini. Hence his wrath. He was sentenced to death by firing squad on 8 Jan 1944 and was executed three days later without interference from his father-in-law Mussolini. Settantasei anni fa, l'11 gennaio 1944, Galeazzo Ciano, marito di Edda, la figlia prediletta di Mussolini, venne fucilato dai nazifascisti a Verona per aver votato contro il duce nella seduta del Gran consiglio del fascismo del 25 luglio del '43 However, the alliance had a clause; namely that for a period of three or four years neither Italy nor Germany would create controversies capable of upsetting the peace in Europe. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Edda had the diaries published as she threatened, and if they exposed scant novel evidence against his German and Italian compatriots, they offer a window upon diplomatic intrigue and personal relationships within the Pact of Steel. He was especially influential in bringing about Italy’s entry into World War II after the fall of France (June 1940). Required fields are marked *. Canadians confront Fallschirmjager in Ortona, Irish Guards celebrate Christmas Eve in a brothel. He died on January 11, 1944 in Verona, Italy. The Italian tragedy in my opinion, had its beginnings in August 1939, when, having gone to Salzburg on my own initiative, I suddenly found myself face to face with the cynical German determination to provoke the conflict. This confused affair lacked the character of a coup d’etat, but Mussolini was indeed placed under arrest the next day and a separate peace concluded with the Allies in early September. Her husband, Count Galeazzo Ciano, was Mussolini's Foreign Minister from 1936 to 1943. An avid aviator, he led a bomber squadron in the war against Ethiopia (1935–36) and, on his return to Rome, became minister of foreign affairs (June 9, 1936). Ciano was arrested by the Germans in Oct 1943, and was tried for high treason for his vote against Mussolini at the Fascist Grand Council. By using this website we assume that you agree with this. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Not only had Italy got sucked into the war against its true interests, it had been kept deliberately in the dark about the true intentions of Hitler to start a war in the East: “Dear Ciano,” said von Ribbentrop with studied deliberation. Updates? Some American newspapers had reported that the Lombard metropolis had received the German Minister with hostility and that this was proof of Mussolini’s diminished personal prestige. On Oct. 28,…, >Galeazzo Ciano (Italy), and Kurusu Saburo (Japan). Undoubtedly Ciano would have produced a much more illuminating memoir had he had the opportunity. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. … also with some stories from 1945 (75 years ago) until September …. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Several other European countries—some of which had been coerced—were later signatories.…. He was captured by pro-Mussolini partisans and Germans in northern Italy. In Italy Count Galeazzo Ciano, Mussolini’s son in law and former Foreign Minister now knew, after almost a year of imprisonment, that he faced death by firing squad in the following days. From left Goring, Ciano, Hitler and Mussolini in 1938. The blackmail was not accepted — to the grief of Edda, who never spoke to her father again. the real relationship between Mussolini and Hitler, the characters of the senior Nazis like Goring, The Ciano Diaries 1939-1943: The Complete, Unabridged Diaries of Count Galeazzo Ciano, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1936-1943. Count Galeazzo Ciano executed. …as foreign minister his son-in-law Galeazzo Ciano, who concluded an agreement with Germany on July 11 in which Italy acquiesced in Austria’s behaving henceforth as “a German state.” The Rome–Berlin Axis followed on November 1, and the German–Japanese Anti-Comintern Pact, another vague agreement ostensibly directed at Moscow, on November 25.…, …apprised the Italian foreign minister, Galeazzo Ciano, of his intention to send a military mission to Romania, Ciano had not apprised Mussolini. Captain Langsdorff commits suicide on the Graf Spee. At first Ciano persuaded Mussolini to adopt a policy of nonbelligerence, but, when France fell, he urged entry into the war. The alliance had been signed in May. Galeazzo Ciano’s capture by this body set in motion a final personal drama with implications for later students of the Second World War. That was how “The Pact of Steel” was born. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Elisabeth Becker a Stutthof concentration…, What did the German soldiers of WWII think…, The British navy sinks the German battleship Bismarck. There was no reason whatever, in my opinion, for us to be bound in life and death to the destiny of Nazi Germany. Instead, I favored a policy of collaboration, because given our geographic position we can and must detest the 80 million Germans, brutally set in the heart of Europe, but we cannot ignore them. 10 Aprile 1995. The sexuality of the German Soldiers in WW2. So, since the latter’s Balkan ambitions had been continually restrained by Hitler, particularly with regard to Yugoslavia, the sudden news of the mission annoyed him. In Italy Count Galeazzo Ciano, Mussolini’s son in law and former Foreign Minister now knew, after almost a year of imprisonment, that he faced death by firing squad in the following days. On 11 January 1944, Benito Mussolini had his son-in-law, the politician Galeazzo Ciano age 40, shot for treason outside the gates of Verona along with four other fascists who had abandoned Mussolini. He was a son of Count Galeazzo Ciano, who was Mussolini's Foreign Minister from 1936 to 1943 and who died before a Fascist firing squad in 1944, and Edda, the dictator's oldest child. Count Galeazzo Ciano executed. On 28 April, she and Mussolini were taken to Mezzegra and shot, Mussolini age 61, Clara 33 years old. Eugenio Di Rienzo scrive un libro di notevole importanza sul genero del Duce e sul Ventennio. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Galeazzo Ciano. I received by telephone the most peremptory orders to accede to German demands for an alliance, which for more than a year I had left unanswered and had thought of keeping that way for a much longer time. These scribblings she took hostage for the life of her husband. Britannia Kids Holiday Bundle! There was no reason whatever, in my opinion, for us to be bound in life and death to the destiny of Nazi Germany. Now that he faced his end, on the 23rd december he managed to get a substantial postscript to his diary smuggled out of prison, in which he dwelt upon why Italy had got caught up in Hitler’s war: I should have liked to fix the responsibility both of men and governments with a greater wealth of detail, but unfortunately this was impossible, even though there might come to my mind, in these last hours, so many details that I should like to make known to those who tomorrow will analyze and interpret events. A glamorous playboy in public life, Galeazzo Ciano was the scion of … Si terranno domani, a Roma, i funerali di Edda Ciano, la primogenita di Benito Mussolini morta nella notte fra sabato e domenica nella clinica Nostra Signora della Mercede. “Dear Ciano, I cannot tell you anything as yet because every decision is locked in the impenetrable bosom of the Fuhrer.
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